You can NOT power 12 volt pixels with a 5 volt power supply. They will not light up, or will be very dim at best.
You can run multiple power supplies for different sections of the string by connecting the ground and data lines through the complete string, and connect the power wire for each section to its respective power supply.
If your single power supply has sufficient capacity, but the lights at the far end are dim, you can also run an additional 2 conductor wire from the power supply to the far end of the string, connecting both + and - all the way through. That saves a power supply and is cheaper and simpler than adding a second one.
It is not a good idea to connect multiple power supplies to the same power wire. Slight variations in voltage will cause uneven distribution of the load on each power supply and could overload one of them. Also, if one of them gets unplugged the entire load will be on one supply. Depending on the power supply, it could also become a load or even a short circuit for the power supply that is powered. So, always separate the power wire so the + side of the power supplies are not connected together through the string.